Anganwadi is a type of rural mother and child care centre. They were started by the Indian government in 1975 as part of the Integrated Child Development Services program to combat child hunger and malnutrition. The services provided by the anganwadi are supplementary nutrition, non-formal pre-school education, growth monitoring, immunization monitoring, health check-ups and health and nutrition education classes. The main beneficiaries of the programme are children below six years of age, adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers. The LGs are expected to manage the regular functioning of the anganwadi. 212 Anganwadis were constructed by the local bodies utilising KLGSDP assistance of Rs. 7,92,95,205/- across Kerala.
District | Number | Total amount spent (in Rs.) |
Thiruvananthapuram | 19 | 5998065.00 |
Kollam | 18 | 7688697.00 |
Pathanamthitta | 10 | 4145983.00 |
Alappuzha | 10 | 1948331.00 |
Kottayam | 19 | 3625003.00 |
Idukki | 7 | 1044162.00 |
Ernakulam | 13 | 3856644.00 |
Thrissur | 18 | 8417420.00 |
Palakkad | 30 | 17490132.00 |
Malappuram | 30 | 11293235.00 |
Kozhikode | 15 | 7190785.00 |
Wayanad | 9 | 3528408.00 |
Kannur | 12 | 2410696.00 |
Kasaragod | 2 | 657644.00 |
Total | 212 | 79295205.00 |
The management of Lower Primary (LP) and Upper Primary (UP) schools functioning in rural areas is vested with the respective GPs. Municipalities manage all government schools in the respective area across all sections from LP to Higher Secondary. The infrastructure and facilities like class room space and furniture, learning materials, computer lab, library books, drinking water, urinal/toilet and facilities for arts, sports and games were not sufficient. But with the intervention of KLGSDP, these facilities had improved to a great extend. Local Governments were able to construct / renovate 120 educational institutions with the financial assistance of KLGSDP. An amount of Rs. 5,90,98,383/- were utilised by KLGSDP for educational sector.
District | Number | Total amount spent |
Thiruvananthapuram | 16 | 9779921 |
Kollam | 17 | 2563376 |
Pathanamthitta | 2 | 259191 |
Alappuzha | 5 | 3757624 |
Kottayam | 4 | 945188 |
Idukki | 1 | 367758 |
Ernakulam | 15 | 4450994 |
Thrissur | 6 | 2888928 |
Palakkad | 9 | 6479702 |
Malappuram | 30 | 23428005 |
Kozhikode | 5 | 432606 |
Wayanad | ||
Kannur | 3 | 2196295 |
Kasaragod | 7 | 1548795 |
Total | 120 | 59098383 |
The decentralisation process in Kerala not only transferred administrative power from the state government to the local governments (LGs), but also brought in participatory planning into the process. It also devolved a much larger quantum of funds to LGs through statutory and formula based transfer. At present, the LGs in the state have several functions and are responsible for delivering services by institutions which have been transferred to them. The state has been undertaking several initiatives in the past to improve the capacity of LGs. However, institutionalization of systems and good practices is a continuous challenge. KLGSDP was conceived on the realisation that there is a need to further improve the quality of services provided by the LGs and the institutions transferred to them. An amount of Rs.6,20,59,624/- were utilised by KLGSDP for renovating the front offices of Grama Panchayats and Municipalities
District | No. of front offices renovated | Expenditure |
Thiruvananthapuram | 0 | 0 |
Kollam | 24 | 10393728 |
Pathanamthitta | 8 | 2983941 |
Alappuzha | 31 | 11407644 |
Kottayam | 0 | 0 |
Idukki | 24 | 13150225 |
Ernakulam | 0 | 0 |
Thrissur | 47 | 18866007 |
Palakkad | 7 | 1876419 |
Malappuram | 7 | 1625036 |
Kozhikode | 2 | 200113 |
Wayanad | 2 | 268095 |
Kannur | 4 | 1288416 |
Kasaragod | 0 | 0 |
Total | 156 | 62059624 |
KLGSDP aimed to improve the quality of lives of the people of Kerala by raising the level of service delivery of GPs and Municipalities in the state. The project was conceived on the realisation that there is a need to improve the quality of services provided by the LGs and the institutions transferred to them like schools, health care institutions and anganwadis. Kerala has been undertaking several initiatives in the past to improve the capacity of LGs. However, institutionalization of systems and good practices is a continuous challenge. The World Bank funded KLGSDP was expected to address some of these challenges and issues related to governance at the local level. There were about 173 projects (hospitals renovated / constructed) utilising KLGSDP funds of Rs.10,55,63,577/-.
District | No. of Hospitals constructed / renovated | Total Cost |
Thiruvananthapuram | 19 | 10589204 |
Kollam | 13 | 7683183 |
Pathanamthitta | 7 | 4556915 |
Alappuzha | 12 | 7802330 |
Kottayam | 8 | 3186472 |
Idukki | 9 | 8348209 |
Ernakulam | 20 | 9357456 |
Thrissur | 13 | 5118839 |
Palakkad | 19 | 12356553 |
Malappuram | 17 | 9765736 |
Kozhikode | 6 | 2410838 |
Wayanad | 9 | 8699037 |
Kannur | 17 | 12544112 |
Kasaragod | 4 | 3144693 |
Total | 173 | 105563577 |